1282: John Balliol becomes King of Scotland.
1558: Queen Mary I of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth I of England.
1603: English explorer, writer and courtier Sir Walter Raleigh goes on trial for treason.
1800: The United States Congress holds its first session in Washington, D.C.
1820: Captain Nathaniel Palmer becomes the first American to see Antarctica (the Palmer Peninsula was later named after him).
1855: David Livingstone becomes the first European to see Victoria Falls in what is now present-day Zambia-Zimbabwe.
1869: In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony.
1871: The National Rifle Association is granted a charter by the state of New York.
1916: Shelby Foote is born.
1925: Rock Hudson is born.
1938: Gordon Lightfoot is born.
1942: Matin Scorsese is born.
1944: Danny DeVito is born.
1944: Lorne Michaels is born.
1951: Stephen Root is born.
1966: Daisy Fuentes is born.
1970: The Soviet Union lands Lunokhod 1 on Mare Imbrium (Sea of Rains) on the Moon. This is the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world and was released by the orbiting Luna 17 spacecraft.
1973: In Orlando, Florida, US President Richard Nixon tells 400 Associated Press managing editors "I am not a crook".
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