1591: Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex is born. He was a roundhead (Parliamentarian) general during the English Civil war and the grandson of Sir Francis Walsingham, the spymaster for Queen Elizabeth I.
1755: Alexander Hamilton, first US Secretary of the Treasury is born.
1759: The first American life insurance company is incorporated in Philadelphia, PA1805: Michigan Territory is created.
1843: Francis Scott Key dies.
1859: Lord George Curzon, Viceroy of India is born. While he was a naughty imperialist, he was also responsible for restoring the Taj Mahal to its former glory.
1861: Alabama secedes from the Union.1876: Elmer Flick, baseball player is born.
1902: Popular Mechanics is published for the first time.1908: The Grand Canyon National Monument is created.
1928: David L. Wolper is born. He was the producer of Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory.
1935: Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to fly solo from Hawaii to California.
1942: Clarence Clemons, sax player for the E-Street Band, is born.
1949: First recorded case of snowfall in Los Angeles.
1957: Jack Gilbert Graham goes to the gas chamber. He had planted a bomb aboard a plane that his mother was on (to claim a measly $37,500 in life insurance money) and all 44 people on the plane died.
1964: US Surgeon General Dr. Luther Leonidas Terry publishes a report that says that smoking may me hazardous to health. It is the first such statement made by the US government. As this cartoon from Harper's indicates, everyone already knew smoking was bad for you. (click on it for a larger version) 
1973: The American League adopts the designated-hitter rule.1979: Jack Soo, of Barney Miller dies.
1981: Beulah Bondi dies. She played Ma Bailey in It's a Wonderful Life.1988: Pappy Boyington dies. Here's an interview with him from back when Black Sheep Squadron was on.
Today in History elements mostly cribbed from The History Channel, Wikipedia, The New York Times, The Jewish World Review, The Writer's Almanac and anything else I can dig up
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